Lubricants the different types and uses of lubricants. It is for these reasons that topquality lubricants meeting the correct industry specifications e. It is for this reason that they are essential, particularly in regards to the functionality and maintenance particularly within various operations and types of machinery. Solid lubricants graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are examples of solid lubricants. Gases are used as lubricants in gaslubricated bearings that operate in the aerodynamic at high speeds10,000 to 600,000 r. The different types are also subject to varying levels of oxidation and degradation, and are compatible with only certain types of machinery components, demands, and environments. Contrary to the other substances covered here, penetrating oils are not designed for longlasting lubrication. Lubricants and lubrication from the well to the applications.
Physical properties of lubricants valvoline technical services page 1 following are the important properties of a lubricant. A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which reduces the heat generated. Group 3 nishanth n nikhil ps harikrishnan k krishnadev u abdul basith pa 2. Types of lubricants lm systems mainly use grease or sliding surface oil for their lubricants.
A lubricant also acts as a film between solid surfaces and here it reduces heat and wears between the surfaces. Undergo more shear than bearing materials itself performance majorly relies on the applied load primary properties must be able to support applied load without significant distortion coefficient of friction and the rate of wear must be acceptably low. Graphite and molybdenum disulfide particles are common solid lubricants. Liquid lubricants include mineral or petroleum and synthetic organics. Boron nitride, tungsten disulfide and polytetrafluorethylene ptfe are other solid lubricants. Solid lubricants are mainly used as additives to oils and.
Solid lubricants possess lamellar structure preventing direct contact between the sliding surfaces even at high loads. Lubricants their common characteristics generally acknowledged to fulfil a strong need and requirement in various instances. Synthetic lubricants because of the high operating temperatures of engines, it became necessary to develop lubricants which would retain their characteristics at temperatures that cause petroleum. It is measured at specific temperature by hydrometer or automatic density meter. Lm systems mainly use grease or sliding surface oil for their lubricants. Types and characteristics of solid lubricants solid lubricants are available in various compositions with different properties. Penetrating lubricants are the saviors of many stuckbolt combatants, loosening years of rust and debris in minutes. Although this chapter is primarily about liquid lubricants, it is worthwhile to spend a little time discussing some of the other popular lubricant types, i. Liquid lubricants are characteristically made up of a 90% oil base and contain a variety of liquids in their makeup. Viscosity of the lubricating oil determines its performance under operating. Mnl59 astm international 100 barr harbor drive po box c700 west conshohocken, pa 194282959 printed in the u. Viscosity is very important for liquid lubricants their other kind of lubricants. Wax crystals formed in mineral oils at low temperatures reduce their fluidity.
The table shows the natural lubrication antiwear performance of different types of hydraulic fluids. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil. Lubrication properties technology transfer services. Lubricants having low or high viscosities and oiliness are available. With each test description there is a note on any relevant additives or classification systems. Some retain their lubricity to very high temperatures. Each of these is suited for particular purposes and conditions. So selection of fluid depends on the working conditions of the hydraulic equipment. This chapter discusses the types of lubricants and their compositions. Liquid lubricants are classified into many types, depending on the type of base oil used. Lubricants primary purpose includes the reduction of friction between moving parts and surfaces. Either 100% ethylene oxide, 100% propylene oxide or a combination of the two are used to create many different types of pags with unique properties and with many different molecular weights. Pour point depressant inhibit formation and agglomeration of wax particles keeping the lubricant fluid at low temperatures. The requirements that lubricants need to satisfy generally consist of the following.
Environmental adaptability nowadays the usage of environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids is increasing, especially in european countries. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil ahmed n. The four main types of cutting fluids and their properties. Most liquid lubricants contain additives to improve their natural properties, or impart. Oct, 2015 a lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which reduces the heat generated. Any shadetree mechanic would agree that these types of lubricants deserve their own special section. Liquid lubricants, generally referred to as oils, share the properties of all liquids, are able to flow, and take the shape of their containers. May 01, 2007 many different types can be created, which allows for a wide variance in properties.
Properties of lubricants principles of tribology wiley. The spatial structure of carbon chemistry defines all activities of the lubricants derived. This application note describes the common types of solid lubricants utilized in molykote brand antifriction coatings and antiseize pastes. When it comes to advancing your career and upgrading your technical. Cutting fluids coolants cutting fluid metalworking fluid, coolant is a liquid used in metalworking operations for reducing friction between the work piece and the tool and for removal of the heat. They can r percent wi ent is sugge ome sort of on the bra hthenic oil mical forms. Lubricating oils, like other types of lubricants, are tested for many. Every lubricant has its own characteristics, they prefer in different situations may be. These are some of the important types of lubricants. Cutting fluids coolants cutting fluid metalworking fluid, coolant is a liquid used in metalworking operations for reducing friction between the work piece and the tool and for removal of the heat generated by the friction. This chapter outlines the main types of lubricants and covers some of the more important lubricant properties and tests, finishing with engine tests. Characteristics of the hydrocarbons for lubricant perfonnance.
The different types are also subject to varying levels. Properties of lubricants this handbook explains classification, types, form, properties, manufacture and applications of lubricants as well as complete data of physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and other important properties of lubricants. Boundary lubrication and lubricants introduction to. Apr 08, 2020 there are basically two types of lubricants. Chapter 1, basic understanding of gears, discusses the various types of gears used, important gear nomenclature, and applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears. Most hydrocarbons in lubricating oil cuts are hybrid types. Liquid lubricants reduce friction and wear between two moving or sliding metallic surfaces by providing a continuous fluid film in between them. Some exam ples of solid lubricants are graphite, molybdenum disulfide, mica, talc or soap, lead carbonate. Contrary to the other substances covered here, penetrating oils are not designed for longlasting. They also have good resistance to oxidation, ozone and petroleum based fuels and oils. Grease properties are determined by a type of oil mineral, synthetic, vegetable, animal fat, type of soap lithium, sodium, calcium, etc.
List of 18 different properties of lubricants lubricating oil. Fundamentals of lubricants and lubrication scientific spectator. The following table can be used as a guide for a more thorough understanding of additive types and their functions in engine oil formulations. Type of part to be lubricated gear, bearing, sliding surface etc. They act as a cooling medium, a sealing agent, and a corrosion preventor. Mohammed chemical and petrochemical engineering department, university of anbar, iraq. Also, the primary lubricant in grease is a liquid lubricant, so greases will be discussed to a minor extent throughout this section. Unlike polyethers, polyesters can be affected by hot water and high humidity and their resistance to acids and alkalis is low. Synthetic lubricants because of the high operating temperatures of engines, it became necessary to develop lubricants which would retain their characteristics at temperatures that cause petroleum lubricants to evaporate and break down synthetic lubricants do not break down easily and do not produce coke or other deposits. Liquid lubricants are classified into many types, depending on the type of base. Setral has a portfolio of products mipo series to offer that often can be used as an alternative to molybdenum disulphide mos 2. Pour point is the lowest temperature, at which the oil may flow. Undergo more shear than bearing materials itself performance majorly relies on the applied load primary properties must be able to support applied load without.
The requirements that lubricants need to satisfy generally consist of. Chapter 1, basic understanding of gears, discusses the various types of gears used, important gear nomenclature, and. International convention states 16 classes of viscosity as an iso. Lubricating oils, like other types of lubricants, are tested for many different properties that determine how they will function over a range of conditions and environments. The first part of the book is theoretical and provides an introduction. In a general sense, the lubricant is something that reduces the friction between surfaces. Many different types can be created, which allows for a wide variance in properties. Pdf lubrication and lubricants are the most important aspect for running a machine without giving.
Chapter three types of lubricants and their compositions. Society of tribologists and lubrication engineers phone. There are three types of viscometers according to their working principles. Liquid lubricants are characteristically made up of a 90% oil. There are different types of fluids based on their availability, working purpose etc. The chapter first presents data showing the effect of environment and types of lubricants and their interaction with solid surfaces on boundary lubrication behavior. Types of lubricants industrial lubricants, oils, greases. One can apply it before causing any problem in the joints of objects for preventing friction. Physical properties of lubricants valvolinecummins. Types of rubber and basic properties all seals inc. Oilbased lubes can double for sexy and fun massage time. Common grease types and characteristics aluminum complex grease has good high temperature characteristics, with a dropping point approximately 500f, excellent water tolerance, good shear stability, and responds very well to additive treatments that enhance performance capabilities, such as oxidation and rust inhibition.
Types of lubricants solid lubricants are usually used for lubrication applications running under extreme conditions e. Solid lubricants are usually used for lubrication applications running under extreme conditions e. Various additives are used to improve specific properties. A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.
There are two main types of lubricants, one being liquid and one the other being nonliquid. Hydraulic fluid properties and its influence on system. The use of some such materials is sometimes restricted by their poor resistance to oxidation. Pdf properties of lubricants and lubrication hanif dewan. Mnl59 astm international 100 barr harbor drive po box c700 west. Introduction to properties and performance provides an easy to understand overview of tribology and lubricant chemistry. Density density is fundamental physical property of oil. In elastohydrodynamic lubrication, both the viscosity and density of a lubricant significantly vary with temperature and pressure. Lubricants are a combination of the base oil and the additives and the specific combination depends on the properties of both. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. Lubricant additives a practical guide machinery lubrication. Polyesters have physical properties slightly superior to those of polyethers. They act as a cooling medium, a sealing agent, and a corrosion.
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